How to Use a 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with a ULN2003 Board
Plug the 28BYJ-48 motor into the ULN2003 driver board socket, wire the four signal inputs to your board, and drive it with standard stepper code. The 5-wire, 4-phase motor has a 1/64 gear reduction and a 5.625 degree step angle. Sets run at 5V or 12V, with 2, 3, 5, or 6 motors per set.
Quick facts
| Fact | Value |
|---|---|
| Motor | 28BYJ-48, 5-wire, 4-phase |
| Gear reduction | 1/64 |
| Step angle | 5.625 degrees |
| Driver | ULN2003 board, 4 phase LEDs |
| Steps per revolution | About 2038, with gear reduction |
| Sets | 2, 3, 5, or 6 motors, 5V or 12V |
What is in a set?
Each set pairs one 28BYJ-48 motor with one ULN2003 driver board, so a 2-set holds 2 motors and 2 boards.
The 6-set adds a set of jumper wires for wiring the boards up, and the 5-set boards are welded and tested.
The driver board holds an XH-5P motor socket and 4 signal LEDs, and measures about 40 by 21 mm.
How does the gear reduction change the motion?
The 1/64 gear reduction trades speed for slow, strong movement, which suits positioning work and small automation.
The motor step angle is 5.625 degrees, and the gear reduction multiplies the steps needed for one output revolution.
The 12V listing states about 2038 steps per revolution with the gear reduction, for accurate positioning.
How do you wire it?
Plug the motor lead straight into the driver board socket, then wire the four signal inputs to four digital pins on your board.
The driver board has four signal LEDs, labelled A, B, C, and D, that show the working state of each phase.
The tutorial linked below wires the four inputs to pins 8, 9, 10, and 11, and drives the motor with the Arduino Stepper library.
5V or 12V: which set?
The 5V sets run from a 5V motor supply and work with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and other 5V development boards.
The 12V set needs a 12V motor supply, while the ULN2003 module works with 3.3V and 5V microcontrollers.
The 12V listing names Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266, and Raspberry Pi, plus other 3.3V or 5V boards.
Which set size fits the project?
A 2-set covers a first build or a two-motor project, with a spare board on the bench.
The 3-set and 5-set cover multi-motor builds, and the 6-set covers classroom sets and larger projects.
The 6-set includes jumper wires, so no extra wiring parts are needed to get started.
What did we check on the bench?
We checked each listing states the 1/64 gear reduction, the 5-wire 4-phase motor, and the ULN2003 driver board.
We counted 4 images on each 5V set listing, and 2 images on the 12V set listing.
We matched every price here to the live store price on November 12, 2026.
How the options compare
| Set | Motors | Voltage | Extras | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-set | 2 motors, 2 boards | 5V | None listed | $12.99 |
| 3-set | 3 motors, 3 boards | 5V | None listed | $12.99 |
| 5-set HiLetgo | 5 motors, 5 boards | 5V | Welded and tested | $19.99 |
| 6-set | 6 motors, 6 boards | 5V | Jumper wires | $23.49 |
| 2-set | 2 motors, 2 boards | 12V | None listed | $12.99 |
How do you wire a set to an Arduino?
- Plug the motor lead into the driver board socket, with the connector seated fully.
- Wire the four signal inputs to four digital pins on the board.
- Connect the driver board ground to the board ground, and connect the motor supply at the set voltage.
- Load a Stepper library example sketch and set the steps per revolution for the geared motor.
- Run the motor slowly for one revolution and watch the four phase LEDs switch in sequence.
Parts that fit this guide
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28BYJ-48 Geared Stepper Motor 5V + ULN2003 Driver Board, 2-Set ($12.99)
28BYJ-48 geared stepper motor 5V with ULN2003 driver board, 2-set, at $12.99. 2 motors and 2 boards, 1/64 gear reduction, 5.625 degree step angle.
28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor 5V + ULN2003 Driver Board, 3-Set, for Arduino and Raspberry Pi ($12.99)
28BYJ-48 stepper motor 5V with ULN2003 driver board, 3-set, at $12.99. 3 motors and 3 boards, A, B, C, and D phase LEDs, 200 ohm DC resistance.
HiLetgo 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor 5V + ULN2003 Driver Board, 5-Set, for Arduino and Raspberry Pi ($19.99)
HiLetgo 28BYJ-48 stepper motor 5V with ULN2003 driver board, 5-set, at $19.99. 5 motors and 5 boards, 28 mm diameter, boards welded and tested.
28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor 5V + ULN2003 Driver Board, 6-Set, with Jumper Wires ($23.49)
28BYJ-48 stepper motor 5V with ULN2003 driver board, 6-set, at $23.49. 6 motors, 6 boards, and a set of jumper wires, 9.45 inch motor leads.
28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor 12V + ULN2003 Driver Board, 2-Set, for Arduino, ESP32, and Raspberry Pi ($12.99)
28BYJ-48 stepper motor 12V with ULN2003 driver board, 2-set, at $12.99. 12V motor supply, 3.3V and 5V logic, about 2038 steps per revolution.
Related parts: Nano V3.0 Development Board, ATmega328P, CH340G, USB-C, Single: Nano V3.0 board for compact stepper controller builds on the Arduino IDE; ELEGOO UNO R3 Microcontroller Board, ATmega328P + ATmega16U2, with USB Cable: ELEGOO UNO R3 board, the classic base for stepper sketches.
Shop the full range: Stepper Motors & Drivers at Quality RC Parts. See also: Related guide.
Frequently asked questions
How many steps make one full revolution?
The 12V listing states about 2038 steps per revolution with the gear reduction. Set the steps per revolution in code to match the geared motor.
Do I need to solder anything?
No. The 6-set listing states the standard motor interface plugs straight in, with no soldering needed to get started.
Can the 12V set run from a 5V board?
The motor needs a 12V motor supply, while the driver module works with 3.3V and 5V logic from Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266, and Raspberry Pi boards.
What do the four LEDs show?
The LEDs show the working state of each phase. They are labelled A, B, C, and D, so you can see each phase switch.
Sources
- Arduino Stepper library reference
- Last Minute Engineers 28BYJ-48 tutorial
- Arduino Project Hub 28BYJ-48 getting started
Last updated: November 12, 2026.